To avoid further humanitarian crisis to armed actors. In 1983, after a decadelong pause in the sudanese civil war between the north and south, conflict broke out again. The breakthrough in the north south peace process has come at a time of escalating fighting in the farflung region of darfur. Machar denied trying to start a coup and fled to lead the splm in opposition splmio. Role of igad in resolving the conflict in south sudan. This paper is an excellent primer for humanitarians operating in south sudan and for those who wish to increase their. Only about 10 to 20% of the countrys revenue goes to the states and rural areas. The breakthrough in the northsouth peace process has come at a time of escalating fighting in the farflung region of darfur. This paper examines state land policy and conflict in four different areas in sudan. Usaid has helped provide essential services to the people of south sudan, such as health care and education, built key infrastructure such as roads.
South sudan and its people continue to reel from the impacts of years of conflict, violence and limited of development investment. Global south development magazines global development reporter mr. South sudans conflict parties are supposed to form a unity government by 12 november. Abstract the purpose of the dissertation was to investigate similarities and differences between the current political crises in the republic of south sudan with the conflicts which had been going on within sudan for decades. South sudan did not make progress on establishing the. Learn about the civil war in south sudan, sanctions imposed by the united states and europe, and other recent developments on cfrs global conflict tracker. South sudan conflict analysis brief south sudan, the worlds youngest nation, continues to struggle despite the august 2015 signature of a peace agreement.
Conflict factsheet conflict between lou nuer and murle in south sudan type of conflict sub intensity 4 conflict locality southern africa time 1944 ongoing countries s. Most of the fledgling nation is in the grip of a humanitarian crisis fueled by years of chronic underdevelopment, conflict and natural disasters. However, some of the groups who face particula r deprivations are listed below. Understanding the roots of conflict in south sudan council. These conflicts have much to do with wartime prejudices of the various communities against. Usaid has worked in south sudan for decades, providing lifesaving humanitarian assistance, conflict mitigation assistance, and support for key milestones of the 2005 comprehensive peace agreement, which culminated in south sudans independence. The nexus of corruption and conflict in south sudan july 2015 4 context. Following independence from sudan in july 2011, a political crisis sparked fighting in the republic of south sudans capital, juba, in december 20 that quickly spread to other parts of the country, igniting civil war. Solutions for moving beyond an ethnic conflict christa charbonneau kuntzelman, m. Conflict profile since its independence in 1956, sudan has seen an intermittent civil war.
Sudan resources agricultural pastoral land, water local resource competition conflict summary the rivalry between the lou nuer and the murle remains one of the most violent. Trt world a fresh ceasefire was announced this week by south sudans president salva kiir and vice president riek machar after five days of violence that claimed around 300 lives in capital juba the latest fighting broke out on the eve of july 9, which is the fifth anniversary of the countrys independence from sudan. With the south sudanese conflict in its fifth year in 2018, this paper seeks to not only examine the status of the civil war that has engulfed the youngest nation on earth but to also discuss the evolving narratives of its causes and provide policy. The sudanese conflict in south kordofan and blue nile, also referred to by some media as the third sudanese civil war, is an ongoing armed conflict in the sudanese southern states of south kordofan and blue nile between the sudanese army saf and sudan peoples liberation movementnorth splmn, a northern affiliate of the sudan peoples liberation movement splm in south sudan. Since the establishment of the republic of south sudan in 2011, various interethnic conflicts have erupted. Conflict in the equatorias crisis group africa report n236, 25 may 2016 page iv to south sudans church leaders. Local warming and violent conflict in north and south sudan. The northsouth conflict in historical perspective t he peoples ofsouthern sudan have suffered nearly two centuries of colonial rule under the turkoegyptian, the mahdiya, the anglo egyptian, and the postindependencenorthern regimes. Conflict in south sudan and the challenges ahead congressional research service 1 background south sudan emerged in 2011 as the worlds newest country, and one of its least developed. Conflict in south sudan and the challenges ahead congressional research service summary south sudan, which separated from sudan in 2011 after almost 40 years of civil war, was drawn into a devastating new conflict in late 20, when a political dispute that overlapped with preexisting ethnic and political fault lines turned violent. Learn more about the south sudan humanitarian crisis. Conflict between 19551976 and 19832005 between the colonially modernised arab north and the underdeveloped christian and animist south brought widespread civilian suffering.
September 12, 2018, of the revitalized agreement on the resolution of the conflict in south sudan, which received tepid acknowledgement from the united states and europe. South sudan s civil war is the result of a weakly institutionalized state and may require the african unions intervention to find peace and. The conflict has been marked by the failure of the government of the republic of south sudan. Candidate depaul university abstract although ethnicity is a contributing factor to the ongoing crisis in south sudan, particularly after the reescalation of violence in. The citizens of the worlds newest nation voted1 with one voice in support of independence for a country that boasted vast natural wealth. Pdf south sudan struggle for independence, and its. A human rights report united nations mission in south sudan. Conflict mapping, ontological security and institutionalised conflict o n 15 and 16 december 20, violence broke out in juba, south sudan, with many thousands killed.
Republic of sudan and the new republic of south sudanor north and south sudan, for claritythe two countries were again in a state of war. United nations mission in the republic of south sudan unmiss since the outbreak of the conflict on 15 december. As its implementation faltered, violence between factions broke out again in july 2016, setting back the peace process once again. Due to its geographic location and association with the greater upper nile region, unity is also known as western upper nile. There are many causes for the conflict in south sudan, ranging from ethnic tensions, management of oil resources and the power struggle between president salva kiir and opposition leader dr. Years of international efforts to bring an end to decades of conflict by helping to negotiate the comprehensive peace agreement cpa of 2005 and the later. Social scientists in sudan and south sudan have also turned their critical attention to colonial administrators,10 development and humanitarian practitioners,11 lobby groups,12 and their own discipline. South sudan as regional pawn 2 the red sea arena 4 rebooting us policy to support conflict resolution and regional stability 5 conclusion 8 payton knopf south sudans civil war and conflict dynamics in the red sea summary the regional political and security dynamics that surround south sudans ongoing civil war. Badal, the rise and fall of separatism in southern sudan, african affairs 75, 301 1976, pp. Behind this national scene and the description of the civil war as an opposition between the north and the south, local conflict events also multiplied within north and south sudan johnson, 2011. Conflict and famine in south sudan, april 26, 2017 south sudan. The lack of basic infrastructure, educated and skilled. Ecc factbook conflict between lou nuer and murle in south.
Pdf south sudan political crisis and sudan conflict. The south sudan center for conflict resolution ssccr is an indigenous organisation which started in 2008 as an initiative to engage young people with ideas of peace, development and human rights for communities from the southern sudan region. However, their independence, like that of other countries in the world, came with a huge human cost following decades of intense conflict between the arab north and the nonarab south. South sudans current conflict stems in large part from a longrunning competition within the elite class for power and profits. The finer details of how it started are unclear and accounts of the violence are often conflicting. In fact, some attempts were made to examine the impacts of the civil war on children 21 in general and impacts on their notions and behaviors of conflict and conflict. Drawing on the literature on customary land tenure, state and conflict in africa, and using secondary and some. South sudan centre for conflict resolution ssccr peace. On 5 june 2011, armed conflict broke out between the government of sudan and sudan peoples liberation movement northern sector in broader south kordofan state, ahead of the scheduled independence of the south on 9 july. It covers an area of 38,837 sq km 14,995 sq mi and is inhabited predominantly by two ethnic groups the nuer and the dinka. South sudans civil war is the result of a weakly institutionalized state and may require the african unions intervention to find peace and. Igadplus is the proposed bridge between an african solution approach and concerted highlevel, wider international engagement.
Candidate depaul university abstract although ethnicity is a contributing factor to the ongoing crisis in south sudan, particularly after the reescalation of violence in december of 20, the characterization of the. This violent conflict ended with the signing of the agreement, according to which south sudan gained autonomy to administer its own affairs within the sudan state. The literature on conflict in south sudan published before independence tends to focus on the causes and dynamics of the second civil war 19832005 and post2005 local level conflicts, such as those between communities along the contested border between sudan and south sudan or intra. Systemic conflict transformation a northern and a southern view. Revitalized agreement on the resolution of the conflict in the republic of south sudan rarcss 12 september 2018 this document has been produced for informational purposes. In december 20, president kiir accused his former deputy riek machar and ten others of attempting a coup detat. A separate conflict that remained unresolved centred on the darfur region in western sudan. Understanding the roots of conflict in south sudan. The report builds upon the unmiss interim report on human rights, released on 21 february. In response, the government equipped and supported arab militiaswhich came. South sudan became the youngest nation in the world after splitting from the larger sudan to become the republic of south sudan in 2011. Key characteristics of the economy south sudans dependence on subsistence agriculture and food aid indicates that the countrys present economic state is extremely poor.
Since the eruption of the armed conflict in the south sudan, the splma leadership remained in the hands of the former chairman late dr. Facilitate local peace agreements as an d when appropriate between the tgonu, armed groups and armed youth, local communities and cattle keepers. South sudan has been a country in turmoil since its formation. It is intended to summarize the key provisions of the rarcss 2018 for easy reading and understanding only. The theoretical foundation of the study is the ripeness theory as proposed by william zartman in his study of conflict resolution in studies starting from the 1980s. The exploitation of resources, once the source of warfare financing, became a warfare objective in itself ali et al. The south sudanese civil war was a conflict in south sudan between forces of the government and opposition forces. It is intended to summarize the key provisions of the rarcss 2018 for. In fact, the situation is even grave when it comes to south sudan where there is little recoded information about. Republic of sudan and the new republic of south sudan or north and south sudan, for claritythe two countries were again in a state of war. External actors should push the adversaries to make progress on these matters before entering any powersharing arrangement lest war erupt once more. Rearranging the chess board, december 20, 2016 south sudans south. Conflict analysis and options for systemic conflict.
After almost 40 years of war between the sudan government and southern insurgents, southern sudanese voted in a january 2011 referendum to secede from sudan. Conflict in south kordofan and blue nile 2011 june. Tens of thousands of south sudanese have been killed and 4 million have fled their homes2 million internally displaced and 2 million as refugees in neighboring countries. Since its independence in 2011, south sudan is battling a new civil war. Sudan and south sudans merging conflicts crisis group. Civilians flee fighting at a united nations base in south sudan. Life is characterised in the postcpa southern sudan by uneasy relationships between armed groups, idps, returnees and host communities. The nexus of corruption and conflict in south sudan july 2015 2 executive summary. Sudanese conflict in south kordofan and blue nile wikipedia.
South sudan humanitarian needs overview 2020 november. South sudan humanitarian needs overview 2020 november 2019. South kordofan, darfur, the blue nile and khartoums countryside. However, the government did not address impunity for widespread conflict related sexual and genderbased violence against south sudanese.
18 558 1505 179 1033 380 918 1535 173 13 1289 40 165 1082 1530 996 1220 1376 675 1045 1024 201 120 564 1405 1586 792 83 1421 551 35 436 990 533 630 1087 1123